FOUNDATION |
Early Photography
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Alzahen was an Arabian scientist who invented the Camera Obscura. Many renaissance artists used this invention. The camera obscura was made in 1685 and was a darkened box that had a convex lens or aperture to project an external image onto a screen inside.
Johann Heinrich Schulze, a professor of anatomy, discovered silver nitrate. This was a substance that darkened upon exposure to light. For example, if a piece of chalk was dipped in some silver nitrate and was left exposed to the sun, it would turn from white to black. The non exposed areas would remain white. Joseph Nicephore Niepce was a French inventor who made "View from the window at le gras". This is the oldest surviving camera photograph and is a heliographic photo. Henry Fox Talbot invented the salted paper and calotype processes, precursors to photographic processes of the later 19th and 20th centuries. Louis Daguerre collaborated with Niepce to invent the first practical photographic process. This was used until the mid 1850's. George Eastman popularised the use of roll film and brought it in to the mainstream |
How I made the Camera Obscura:
1. First I needed a cardboard box, I folded down the sides and taped them down. The taped side was the bottom. 2. Then I had to place a template on top of one side of the box and centre it. I traced round the inside of the template to create a 1 & 1/2 square. 3. Cut the 1 1/2 square out to create an opening, then place a magnifying lens over the hole and tape it down. 4. Cut a piece of tracing paper and place it over the back of the box. 5. I then pointed the camera at a scene and attempted to draw the scene. |
SLR Camera
An SLR is a digital camera used for taking photos and videos. It can use many different lenses. SLR stands for Single lens reflex. It has four main modes, M - Manual, A - Aperture Priority, S - Shutter Priority, P - Programme mode
Shutter speed: The length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor. They are measured in fractions of a second. The slower the shutter speed, the more light is allowed into the camera sensor and are used for low light and night photography. A faster shutter speed, freezes objects with a fast motion.
Aperture: The amount of light let into the camera at certain time. This is done by changing the F.stop on the camera.
The aperture is a hole within a lens, which light travels through into the camera body. If the hole is bigger, more light is let into the sensor. Aperture also gives a depth of field which is a portion of a scene which is sharp. If it's a small aperture, the depth of field is large and if it's large, the depth of field is small.
- 3.5
- f9 - f22 |
Philippe Halsman - Jumping
Philippe Halsman was an American photographer who took photos of people jumping, using a moderate shutter speed whilst in a well lit studio.
My response: